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3 апреля: праздники и события в этот день

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Photo of Oksana Oksana03.04.2025
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January 30 is celebrated in Ukraine as the Day of the Military Social Management Specialist of the Armed Forces, and in the world — NASA Memorial Day and the School Day of Nonviolence and Peace. On January 30, 1703, the legendary revenge of 47 samurai took place — «Ako’s Revenge». On January 30, 1773, Vasyl Karazin was born — a prominent public figure, scientist, engineer, educator and founder of Kharkiv University. On January 30, 1948, the leader of the Indian national liberation movement, the man whom the people nicknamed the «Great Soul» — Mahatma Gandhi, was killed. Day of the specialist of military and social management of the Armed Forces of Ukraine This holiday was launched in 2015 when it became clear that military social work plays a critical role in supporting military personnel, their families and veterans. The main task of specialists in this field is to help military personnel overcome psychological difficulties, adapt after hostilities, solve social issues and interact with civilian structures. In the conditions of war, their work has become even more urgent, because assistance to the defenders covers not only legal and material aspects, but also moral and psychological support, which contributes to strengthening the fighting capacity of the Ukrainian army. Today, military social specialists work both in units and units, as well as in specialized centers, providing consultations, organizing rehabilitation activities and helping servicemen adapt to peaceful life after returning from the front. They are an indispensable link between the army and society, contributing to the integration of the military into society and the creation of proper conditions for their service and life after it. Interesting facts Military social work includes a wide range of tasks: from legal support to the organization of psychological assistance. The Armed Forces of Ukraine have created special units that deal with the moral and psychological support and social support of the military. One of the main activities of military social specialists is to work with the families of fallen soldiers so that they receive the necessary support and benefits. Psychological rehabilitation centers for military personnel who have experienced traumatic events are being developed in Ukraine. In some countries, in particular in the USA and Great Britain, similar specialists have the status of military psychologists or social workers, which emphasizes the importance of their work in the military structure. NASA Memorial Day The last Thursday of January is a special day for NASA when the entire space community honors the memory of the astronauts who gave their lives for space exploration. NASA Memorial Day is an annual event that reminds us of the risks that accompany humanity in its quest to learn about the universe. This day is inextricably linked with the greatest tragedies in the history of the US space program. The first of them was the Apollo 1 disaster, when on January 27, 1967, during a ground test, three astronauts died as a result of a cabin fire: Virgil «Gus» Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee. It was a painful blow to the entire American space program, forcing NASA to review the security system. The next tragedy that shook the world was the disaster of the space shuttle «Challenger» on January 28, 1986. During launch, 73 seconds after launch, the shuttle exploded in front of millions of viewers. Among the dead was the first civilian astronaut — teacher Christy McAuliffe, who was supposed to conduct a lesson on space for schoolchildren around the world. 17 years later, on February 1, 2003, NASA experienced another loss. Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during its return to Earth after a successful mission when damage to its thermal shield caused the craft to break up in the atmosphere. All seven crew members died, including the first Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon. Every year on Memorial Day, NASA employees, families and space enthusiasts around the world pay tribute to those who have made the ultimate sacrifice in the name of science. Ceremonies are held at the Kennedy Space Center, Arlington Cemetery Memorial Center and other locations associated with the NASA program. Despite all the tragedies, humanity does not stop striving for the stars. NASA Memorial Day is a reminder that every step in space exploration comes with great responsibility, but it is these efforts that lead us to new discoveries and progress. Interesting facts NASA officially started this day in 2004, a year after the Columbia disaster. Memorial events are held not only in the USA, but also in various countries of the world where there are scientific institutions cooperating with NASA. In memory of the astronauts who died in space, several artifacts are left, in particular, the wreckage of «Challenger» and «Columbia» is kept for educational research. One of the craters on the moon is named after the Columbia crew, and asteroids are named after the fallen astronauts. The President of the United States traditionally makes an official statement on this day, emphasizing the importance of space exploration and the memory of those who gave their lives for it. School day of non-violence and peace Every year on January 30, the School Day of Nonviolence and Peace is celebrated all over the world — an event dedicated to the affirmation of the ideals of peace, tolerance and nonviolent resolution of conflicts. The initiator of this day was the Spanish poet Lorenzo Vidal Vidal, who in 1964 proposed celebrating this date in educational institutions as a symbol of harmony and mutual respect between people. This day was chosen in honor of the anniversary of the death of Mahatma Gandhi, a prominent fighter for Indian independence and an ideological leader of non-violent resistance. Gandhi proved that any conflict can be resolved peacefully, and the strength of the spirit is more important than the strength of arms. Today, on this day, educational activities are held in schools around the world, dedicated to the topics of peace, human rights, prevention of violence and bullying. Students participate in discussions, theatrical performances, create posters and drawings that call for tolerance and understanding. An important aspect is teaching children to communicate peacefully, to respect other cultures and to resolve disputes without aggression. This day has a special significance in today’s world, where conflict and violence still remain a serious threat. He reminds that it is from childhood that the foundations of peaceful coexistence are laid, and the education of new generations in the spirit of nonviolence is the key to a harmonious future. Interesting facts This day is not an official international holiday, but is celebrated in many countries on the initiative of educational institutions. Lorenzo Vidal Vidal was not only a poet, but also a teacher who actively promoted the ideas of nonviolence in schools. The main symbol of this day is a white dove, which represents peace and purity of human intentions. Mahatma Gandhi, to whom this day is commemorated, is known for helping India gain independence from Great Britain through non-violent protest. The motto of this day: «Love instead of violence.» In many schools on this day, students wear white clothes as a symbol of peace and solidarity. Historical events on this day 1901 Andrey Sheptytskyi was enthroned as the Metropolitan of Galicia. He became the spiritual leader of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, actively worked on its development, supported education, cultural initiatives and defended the rights of Ukrainians. His activity left a significant mark in the history of national revival. 1915 In 1948, the German fleet first used submarines during the attack on the French port of Le Havre. This marked the beginning of a new era in naval strategy, as submarines became a formidable weapon in the wars of the 20th century. 1918 Ukrainian Central Rada adopted a decision on the creation of a volunteer Ukrainian army. This was an important decision in the struggle for Ukraine’s independence, as the young state faced the threat of external aggression and needed a combat-ready army for its defense. 1930 In 2008, the campaign to disband Kurkul began, when the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of the Soviet Union (b) of the USSR issued a resolution «On Measures to Liquidate Kurkul Farms…». This policy led to mass repressions against wealthy peasants: they were deprived of their property, evicted with their families to remote regions, and those who resisted were physically destroyed. This was the beginning of large-scale terror against the Ukrainian countryside and a prerequisite for the Holodomor. On the same day, in 1930, the world’s first launch of a radiosonde to study the atmosphere was carried out. This invention became important for meteorology, because it made it possible to significantly improve the understanding of weather processes and develop more accurate forecasts. 1932 In 2008, Finland introduced a «dry law» that limited the production, sale and consumption of alcohol. Similar prohibitions were introduced in various countries of the world, but they were not always effective, as they led to the development of the black market for alcohol. 1933 In Germany, the National Socialists led by Adolf Hitler came to power. This was a turning point in world history as Hitler’s rise to power caused massive political changes that eventually led to World War II. 1992 the year was marked by important international events for Ukraine. On this day: Ukraine joined the membership of the Council for Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), which was a step towards its integration into the European security system. Iceland officially recognized the independence of Ukraine, becoming one of the first countries to support the sovereignty of the young state. Ukraine established diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Spain, which contributed to the development of political and economic contacts between the two countries. On the same day in 1992, Roberta Lynn Bondar, the first Canadian female astronaut of Ukrainian origin, completed her mission. She spent eight days aboard the space shuttle Discovery, participating in scientific research into the effects of weightlessness on the human body. 2004 In 2008, the first article in the Ukrainian Wikipedia — «Atom» was created. This marked the beginning of the development of the largest free encyclopedia in the Ukrainian language, which today is an important source of knowledge for millions of people. 2007 Windows Vista operating system went on sale. It had an updated GUI and improved security features, but received mixed reviews from users due to performance and software compatibility issues. 2015 In 2008, a large-scale fire occurred in the Fundamental Library of INION (Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences) in Moscow. A large number of unique manuscripts and scientific works perished in the fire, which caused irreparable damage to the historical and scientific heritage. The Legend of 47 Ronin: Ako’s Revenge On January 30, 1703, the legendary revenge of 47 samurai took place in the Japanese city of Edo (now Tokyo) — «Ako’s Revenge». These warriors were ronin – samurai who had lost their master. In traditional Japanese culture, ronin were considered negative figures, as a true samurai had to be loyal to his daimyo (feudal lord) or follow him to death. However, in this story, the ronin displayed the loyalty and honor that made them legendary. Their master, Ako clan lord Naganori Asano, was forced to commit seppuku after a fabricated accusation. His samurai had three choices: find a new patron, commit harakiri themselves, or avenge their master. They chose the last way. However, their enemy — the official Kir Yoshinak — was well guarded, and attacking him immediately would mean dying in vain. Therefore, they waited for a year and a half, pretending to accept their fate. On January 30, 1703, they unexpectedly broke into Kira’s fortified estate, killed his guards and, finding the enemy, beheaded him. After that, they carried it through the whole city and laid it on the grave of their master, fulfilling the vow of honor. Then they voluntarily surrendered to the authorities. It would seem that everything was done according to the laws of the Bushido samurai code, but the situation was not so clear-cut. On the one hand, revenge for one’s master was a sacred duty («giri») that samurai had to fulfill even at the cost of their own lives. On the other hand, it was a conspiratorial attack during which an honored court official and his servants died. It was impossible to kill the soldiers of honor as ordinary criminals, because they acted according to ancient traditions. Therefore, the shogunate made a compromise decision: they had the right to commit seppuku, that is, to end their lives by suicide according to samurai customs. On March 20, 1703, 46 ronin performed the last samurai duty — performed the death ritual. Their remains were buried next to the grave of their master. The only survivor was 16-year-old Kitiemon Terasaka, who was pardoned by the shogun. He lived a long life and died at the age of 78. He was buried together with his companions in the same monastery where their master rested. Later, the graves of the ronin became a place of pilgrimage, and their story became a legend of loyalty, self-sacrifice and samurai honor. According to legend, their clothes and weapons are kept in the monastery, where monks still honor their memory. Vasyl Karazin’s birthday Vasyl Nazarovych Karazin was born on January 30 (February 10) 1773 in the family of Colonel Nazar Oleksandrovich Karazin, who received estates in the Moscow and Kharkiv provinces from Catherine II, a prominent public figure, scientist, engineer, educator and founder of Kharkiv University. Karazin’s childhood remains almost unknown, and only fragmentary information about his youth has survived. He was of Greek or Serbian origin. Karazin himself, judging by his note submitted to Prince Czartoryski in 1805 regarding the Serbian uprising, considered himself a Serb. At the same time, historical research indicates that his ancestors came from the Greek noble family of Karadzhi, which moved to Russia during the time of Peter I. His progenitor, Hryhoriy Karadzhi, was the archbishop of Sofia, the current capital of Bulgaria. Karazin received his primary education in private boarding houses in Kremenchuk and Kharkiv. He had a phenomenal erudition, was actively engaged in science, teaching and social activities. His ideas related to the development of education, public enlightenment and self-government. He became the author of the public administration program, where he emphasized trust in public opinion. This pleased Emperor Alexander I, who allowed Karazin to approach him with public initiatives. One of the main ideas of Karazin was the concept of the Ministry of Public Education, which was supposed to deal with educational issues at the state level. The main thing in Vasyl Karazin’s life was the founding of Kharkiv University. He convinced the local and Yekaterinoslav nobility to donate 400,000 rubles for the establishment of an educational institution. The university was opened in 1804, becoming the first higher education institution in Left Bank Ukraine. Its motto is «Cognoscere, docere, erudire» («Know, teach, enlighten»), which still reflects the main mission of the institution today. In 1905, a monument to Vasyl Karazin was erected in Kharkiv. However, this monument became the record holder for the number of moves — it was moved five times. The legacy of Vasyl Nazarovych Karazin lives on today — his university continues to operate, and his name is forever inscribed in the history of Ukrainian science and education. Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi On January 30, 1948, Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian national liberation movement, whom the people nicknamed the «Great Soul» was killed in New Delhi. He was called the one who was destined to change the world. That evening, during traditional prayers, he was approached by Nathuram Godze, the editor of a provincial newspaper and a member of the militant wing of the Hindu Mahasabha party, which opposed peaceful coexistence with Muslims. Suddenly he pulled out a revolver and shot Gandhi three times. Before his death, the great teacher managed to utter only two words: — Hey, Rama! (Oh, God!..). He died with a smile on his face. Mahatma Gandhi’s real name is Mohandas. The nickname «Mahatma», which means «great teacher», was given to him by his followers. He studied in London, was a deeply religious person, led an ascetic lifestyle. Gandhi gave up material goods, wore the simplest clothes, walked barefoot, and gave all donations to the needy. When asked why he traveled in the third class of trains, Mahatma Gandhi replied: — «Because there is no fourth.» He even came to an audience with the British queen in traditional clothes — a simple cape and trousers. Five times he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, but he never received it during his lifetime. Gandhi became the founder of the theory of nonviolent resistance. This idea was first voiced by Leo Tolstoy at the beginning of the 20th century, but it was Gandhi who made it a reality. Five months before his death, he fulfilled his main dream — India gained independence from Great Britain peacefully, without bloodshed. However, not everyone perceived his ideas in the same way. Radical groups, particularly Hindu nationalists, believed that Gandhi was too soft on Muslims and did not sufficiently protect the interests of Hindus. It was for this reason that Godze killed him. He and eight other people involved in the murder were sentenced to death. However, there are rumors that the entire Godze family paid the price of their lives for the death of Mahatma Gandhi… The world will forever remember Gandhi as a man who proved that real power is not in weapons, but in ideas that change the world without violence.

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