Holidays and commemorative dates:
World Environment Day – celebrated since 1973 on the initiative of the UN. The purpose of the holiday is to draw the world’s attention to environmental problems, as well as to stimulate political interest in solving them.
International Day Against Illegal and Unregulated Fishing – celebrated since 2018. The day is dedicated to the fight against poaching.
Running day – is celebrated every first Wednesday of June. On this day, various races, competitions and marathons are organized all over the world.
Balloon Day – On June 5, 1783, the Montgolfier brothers raised a balloon into the air for the first time in the world. Already in the autumn of the same year, people climbed the balloon.
Events on this day:
1723 – Adam Smith, British philosopher, economist, author of the theory of labor value, was born.
1805 — birthday of Peter Claude, sculptor, author of the figure of Prince Volodymyr for the Monument to Prince Volodymyr in Kyiv. Was on friendly terms with Taras Shevchenko.
1826 – Karl Maria von Weber, German composer, conductor and pianist, died.
1894 — the largest in the entire history of Galicia, the General Regional Exhibition, began its work in Lviv.
1908 – Joseph Wagner, the Austrian military conductor and composer known as the “King of the Austrian March”, passed away.
1910 — the first flight took place in Kyiv on a domestic plane designed by Oleksandr Kudashev, a professor of the Polytechnic Institute, who himself acted as a pilot. In 11 days, student Ihor Sikorsky also took his plane into the air.
1910 – O. Henry, an American writer, died
1919 — during the Ukrainian-Polish war of 1918-1919, the Chortkiv offensive of the Ukrainian Galician Army (UGA) began, as a result of which Chortkiv, Ternopil, Buchach and Przemyslany were liberated from the Poles.
1945 — the military leaders of the allied states signed the Declaration on the defeat of Germany and the acceptance of supreme power in it by the governments of the USSR, USA, Great Britain and France in Berlin.
In 1947, US Secretary of State George Marshall delivered a speech at Harvard University in which he outlined a program to help post-war Europe, which later became known as the “Marshall Plan”.
17 European countries, including West Germany, participated in drawing up the plan. The plan began to be implemented in April 1948, when the law on the 4-year “Foreign Aid” program came into force in the USA, which provided for the provision of assistance to Western European countries on the basis of bilateral agreements.
From April 1948 to December 1951, the United States spent about 17 billion dollars under the Marshall Plan, and the main share (about 60%) went to Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany, to which the Marshall Plan was also extended (bilateral agreement between the United States and Germany, signed in December 1949). Financial aid to West Germany under the Marshall Plan was carried out simultaneously with the collection of contributions from it for the material damage caused by Germany to the victorious countries in World War II.
Later, the Marshall Plan was also applied to Japan and some other East Asian countries.
On December 30, 1951, the Marshall Plan officially ended and was replaced by the Mutual Security Act (passed by Congress on October 10, 1951), which provided for simultaneous military and economic assistance.
In contrast to the Marshall Plan, the USSR put forward proposals aimed at ensuring equal economic cooperation while respecting the national sovereignty of states, but they were rejected by the Western states, in connection with which the USSR and the countries of the socialist bloc refused to be participants in the Marshall Plan. They write that Poland and Czechoslovakia were the most intransigent, and they had to be convinced by calling the heads of delegations “on the carpet” to the Kremlin, then appease them with a relatively small one-time help.
It is believed that the United States, thanks to the Marshall Plan, became the locomotive of the recovery of the post-war world economy. The Soviet Union liked to emphasize that the “Marshall Plan” turned out to be a tool of American hegemony. True, such a hegemony, unlike the hegemony of the proletariat, was established without violence and led to prosperity.
1975 — Pavlo Virsky, Ukrainian dancer and choreographer, passed away.
1977 — the first Apple II personal computer went on sale.
1990 — The All-Ukrainian Orthodox Council in Kyiv proclaimed the revival of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), restored the church structure in the form of a patriarchate and elected Metropolitan Mstislav Skrypnyk as the Ukrainian patriarch.
