On this day

April 18 – memorable events on this day

The following holidays and events are celebrated on this day:

Day of Historical and Cultural Monuments of Ukraine – an annual event that is important for preserving and honoring the country’s rich cultural and historical heritage. This day, the celebration of which was established in 1999, is intended to reflect on the monuments that tell about the historical past and bright culture of Ukraine.

International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites or World Heritage Day – this date was established in 1982 by the Assembly of the International Council for the Protection of Monuments and Places of Interest, created under UNESCO. The holiday has been celebrated since 1984 with the aim of drawing public attention to the protection and preservation of world cultural heritage.

Foundation Day of the Red Cross Society in Ukraine – this day has been celebrated since 1918 thanks to the Mariinsky Community of the Sisters of Mercy in Kyiv. The Ukrainian Red Cross is the largest humanitarian organization in Ukraine, which provides comprehensive humanitarian aid to the most vulnerable sections of the population, it has 24 regional and almost 200 district organizations.

World Radio Amateur Day – was founded in 1925 and is celebrated in more than 160 countries around the world in honor of people who are passionate about radio technology and radio communication without receiving material compensation for it. Their activities are intended for self-education, mutual contacts and technical research.

The birthday of the gas industry – launched in honor of the first exploratory oil well of the company “Gazolina”, which produced gas from a depth of 395 m in the Dashava gas field.

Autism Awareness Day among Adults – whose purpose is to raise awareness of the challenges and unique life experiences of adults on the autism spectrum.

International Pizza Cake Day – this is a fun culinary and creative holiday in honor of this culinary dish.

Historical events of this day:

Albert Einstein died on April 18, 1955 – Swiss, German and American theoretical physicist, humanist public figure, one of the founders of modern theoretical physics, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. His theory of relativity changed the foundations of physics, replacing classical mechanics and Newton’s law of universal gravitation. He was the person of the 20th century according to Time magazine.

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His ashes were scattered by the wind. On the bedside table in the hospital where he died, there were leaves of the scientist’s unfinished article. Here is the last phrase that was written by his hand: “Political passions, played out everywhere, demand their victims.”

On April 18, 1943, as a result of the interception and decryption of a radio transmission – Operation “Revenge” took place, carried out with the aim of eliminating the commander-in-chief of the Japanese fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto – a graduate of the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy, the US Naval War College, and the Harvard University of Operations. He was one of the most famous Japanese soldiers of World War II. A brilliant naval commander, the “father” of Japan’s carrier-based aviation and an ardent opponent of war. They said about him: “Yamamoto was alone, and no one can replace him.”

Yamamoto was honorably buried on June 3, 1943, receiving the rank of Admiral of the Fleet and the Order of the Chrysanthemum (First Class) posthumously. The German government also awarded him the Knight’s Order of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords.

On April 18, 1902, in Denmark, for the first time in the world, dactyloscopy was used to identify a criminal, and already in September of this year in Great Britain, fingerprints from a crime scene were used for the first time as evidence of guilt in relation to a suspect in a crime.

The basis of the dactyloscopy method is the idea of ​​the Englishman William Herschel, who put forward a hypothesis about the immutability of the papillary pattern of the palm surfaces of human skin. This hypothesis was born as a result of long research by the author, who served as a police official in India and had a wide “field” for research. At that time, the Hindus ignored the signature on the documents, but Herschel came up with the idea of ​​putting a fingerprint on them, which was endowed with supernatural properties by the inhabitants of the peninsula, and it became an opportunity for the British to collect a huge database of papillary lines and study them.

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Later, the English researcher Francis Galton analyzed many fingerprints and, based on the Theory of Probability, proved that a match is possible only in one case out of 64 billion, proposing to use it in judicial practice. Denmark was the first country that, along with other methods, used dactyloscopy in judicial practice, followed by England, and one of the last – France.

It is interesting that the ratio of types of patterns on the hands is different in different races and peoples. The dactyloscopic formula, which is the basis for many systems of dactyloscopic registration organized according to the card index principle, was invented at the end of the 19th century, and at the beginning of the 21st century it becomes an anachronism. Currently, automated dactyloscopic systems are mostly introduced – the search for the “required” papillary pattern in the database is carried out with the help of software tools and specially written algorithms for searching and indexing (coding) papillary patterns.

A little more history:

In the II millennium BC in ancient Babylon, fingerprints were left on a clay tablet as a signature when concluding a legal contract and to protect against forgery.

By the 3rd millennium BC fingerprints were used in China as clay seals and document identification, and crime-solving officials considered handprints and footprints as evidence at the scene of thefts and murders.

By 600 AD Japan adopted the Chinese practice of certifying contracts with fingerprints.

Evidence of the significance of handprints is found in the Bible, where it is said: “He places a seal on every man’s hand, that all men may know His work,” as well as in the Qur’an: “Does an unbeliever think that We will never collect his bones after how do they fade? Indeed, We will resurrect him, and We are able to restore with precision even the tips of his fingers.

 

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