Holidays and commemorative dates:
International Day Against Sexual Violence in Conflict – the date was chosen by a resolution of the UN General Assembly in 2015, with the aim of drawing additional attention to the problem of sexual violence in the context of various conflicts: both international and intrastate (civil wars), regardless of their nature: political, religious, national. On June 19, 2008, Security Council Resolution 1820 was adopted, in which the Council condemned sexual violence as a tactic of warfare and an obstacle to peace.
World Children’s Football Day – started in 2001 thanks to the agreement between FIFA (International Football Federation) and the United Nations Children’s Fund. Football is the most popular sport in the world. This game is also incredibly popular among children and teenagers. The task of football sports organizations is to find truly gifted children who have good prospects in football, which is practically impossible without providing the opportunity to play football for simple yard teams, where many future stars of world football start, gradually moving to teenage and youth clubs of a professional level.
However, football is not only about professionals. This game provides entertainment for millions of children around the world. Like any sports game, in addition to physical endurance skills, football teaches children team spirit, harmony, friendship, develops perseverance and purposefulness, dexterity, concentration of attention.
Farmer’s Day of Ukraine – a professional holiday initiated by the president in 2020. The date of the celebration was chosen in honor of the adoption of the Farming Act of 2003.
Events on this day:
240 BC e. – the Greek mathematician and astronomer Eratosthenes, working in Alexandria, proved through experiments with shadows that the Earth is not flat, and calculated the length of the terrestrial meridian.
1205 – during the battle near Zavykhost on the Vistula River (now the territory of Poland) against his cousins, the Polish princes Lesko Bily and Konrad Mazowiecki, Prince Roman Mstislavich, the ruler of Halychyna, Volhynia and Kyiv, known as the “autocrat of all Russia”, died. His death led to a forty-year feud, which ended with the victory of his sons Danylo Halytskyi and Vasylko Romanovych.
1269 – King Louis IX of France issued a decree according to which Jews who appeared in public without a special yellow mark on their clothes were fined 10 livres of silver.
1809 – at the first state meeting of representatives of the peoples of Finland, held in the city of Borgo (now Porvoo), the broad autonomy of the Grand Duchy of Finland, which was in a personal union with the Russian Empire, was approved. The Borgo Sejm established the legal foundations of Finnish national statehood, which had previously been under the rule of Sweden.
1875 – an uprising against the Ottoman Empire began in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which led to the beginning of the Serbian-Turkish and Montenegrin-Turkish wars and became the beginning of the Great Eastern Crisis. The result of the uprising and wars against the Ottoman Empire was the Congress of Berlin in 1878, at which Serbia and Montenegro gained independence, and Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina, which formally remained part of the Ottoman Empire.
1941 – a Soviet expedition under the leadership of Tamshuhammed Kara-Niyazov and Mikhail Gerasimov, with the personal permission of Stalin, opened the grave of Timur the Great – the commander of the conqueror of Central, South and Western Asia, and even the Caucasus, the Volga region.
Even at the beginning of the expedition, Stalin was informed of a local legend: one should not disturb the peace of the god of war, otherwise wait for trouble – on the third day, Timur will return with a war.
A man who worked at the museum for many years begged not to open the grave, pointing to the inscriptions in Arabic elm: “Whoever opens the grave of Tamerlane will unleash the spirit of war. And there will be a slaughter as bloody and terrible as the world has never seen.”
The opening of the burial was filmed for a newsreel. Gerasimov ceremoniously took out Timur’s skull and showed it to the camera. The God of War looked into the world and on the night of June 22, Hitler’s Germany attacked the Soviet Union without declaring war. The expedition was urgently ended, and Timur’s remains were sent to Moscow for research.
And one more fact or legend – on December 19, 1942, Timur’s bones were returned to the former burial place – Stalin gave the order to return Timur’s remains to Samarkand and bury them with all honors, and the course of the war turned sharply in favor of the Soviet Union.
1948 – the Geneva Convention “On the International Recognition of Property and Other Rights of Persons Occupying Aircraft” was signed.
1953 – Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, who were found guilty of spying for the Soviet Union and revealing the secrets of the creation of the atomic bomb, were executed in the Sing-Sing prison on the electric chair.
1963 – after 48 revolutions around the Earth and 71 hours of flight, the world’s first female cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova returned to Earth.
1968 – The UN Security Council passed a resolution guaranteeing the security of states that do not have nuclear weapons.
1992 – the conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldavian Republic entered the phase of military confrontation, when the army and the armored forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova tried to capture the city of Bendery. This led to an armed conflict that lasted more than a month and ended with the signing of a peace agreement and the introduction of peacekeeping forces.
1997 – under the pressure of Western creditors, the President of Ukraine, Leonid Kuchma, fired from the post of Prime Minister Pavlo Lazarenko, who was considered a supporter of non-market methods of managing the economy.
1999 – the three largest Swiss banks allocated 600 million dollars to pay compensation to the victims of the Holocaust.
2016 – the All-Orthodox Council began in Crete, the first meeting of superiors of Orthodox churches in more than 1,200 years. It was attended by more than 300 bishops from 14 local Orthodox churches, excluding the Russian Orthodox Church, as well as the Orthodox churches of Georgia, Serbia, Bulgaria and the Antiochian Patriarchate.
